What are the names of the three subgroups of the MHC family?

The three subgroups of the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) family are identified as MHC-I, MHC-II, and MHC-III.

MHC-I molecules are primarily involved in presenting endogenous antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which plays a critical role in the immune response against intracellular pathogens like viruses. MHC-II molecules, on the other hand, present exogenous antigens to CD4+ helper T cells, stimulating immune responses against extracellular pathogens. MHC-III includes a variety of other proteins that are not directly involved in antigen presentation, such as components of the complement system and cytokines that contribute to immune responses.

This classification is essential for understanding the roles of different MHC molecules in immune function, organ transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. The naming conventions for MHC subgroups are standardized, which further supports the accuracy of the classification, ensuring consistent communication in immunology and related fields.