What is the amelogenin gene primarily used for in genetic analysis?

The amelogenin gene, located on both the X and Y chromosomes, is primarily utilized in genetic analysis for gender determination. Amelogenin is involved in the development of enamel in teeth and has distinct alleles on the X and Y chromosomes, making it a reliable marker for identifying biological sex in forensic and paternity cases. When analyzing DNA samples, the presence of the amelogenin gene can help distinguish between male (with both X and Y alleles) and female (with only X alleles) samples. This feature is particularly valuable in contexts such as forensic investigations where gender identification may be necessary.

The other choices do not accurately represent the primary function of the amelogenin gene in genetic analysis. While genetic markers are indeed important for disease susceptibility, population studies, and gene therapy, amelogenin's primary role is more specifically tied to gender identification.