What is the role of rho factor in transcription?

The rho factor plays a crucial role in transcription termination in bacterial cells. It is a protein that binds to the nascent RNA strand during transcription. When the RNA polymerase encounters specific sequences in the DNA that signal the end of transcription, the rho factor helps to dissociate the RNA polymerase from the DNA template and the newly synthesized RNA. This process ensures that transcription is properly terminated, allowing the RNA molecule to be released from the transcription complex.

Understanding the function of rho factor is essential in molecular biology, as it highlights the complexity of transcription regulation and how similar processes may differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. While the other choices refer to processes related to gene expression and nucleic acid metabolism, they do not pertain to the specific function of the rho factor in terminating transcription.