What technique is the basis for the first molecular-based human identification and mapping methods?

The basis for the first molecular-based human identification and mapping methods is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). RFLP involves the analysis of variations in DNA sequences that result in different lengths of restriction fragments when DNA is digested with specific enzymes. This technique was foundational in the development of genetic mapping and forensics, as it allowed for the differentiation of individuals based on their unique patterns of DNA.

RFLP was crucial in early Human Genome projects and DNA fingerprinting methods, as it provided a reliable means to analyze genetic variation. By examining the differences in DNA fragment lengths, scientists could identify individuals based on their genetic makeup, which paved the way for advancements in human identification and paternity testing.

While other techniques like PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) have improved and expanded the capabilities of genetic analysis, RFLP represents the initial breakthrough method that enabled molecular-based human identification and mapping.